of state and local government described in the Georgia Constitution.
New topic: The Georgia Constitution SSCG17 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of state and local government described in the Georgia Constitution. Home Miranda v. Arizona (1966) In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination. The case began with the 1963 arrest of Phoenix resident Ernesto Miranda, who was charged with rape, kidnapping, and robbery. Miranda was not informed of his rights prior to the police interrogation. During the two-hour interrogation, Miranda allegedly confessed to committing the crimes, which the police apparently recorded. Miranda, who had not finished ninth grade and had a history of mental instability, had no counsel present. At trial, the prosecution's case consisted solely of his confession. Miranda was convicted of both rape and kidnapping and sentenced to 20 to 30 years in prison. He appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court, claiming that the police had unconstitutionally obtained his confession. The court disagreed, however, and upheld the conviction. Miranda appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reviewed the case in 1966. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Overview:One of the most historical court cases especially in terms of education was Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). This case took on segregation within school systems, or the separation of white and black students within public schools. Up until this case, many states had laws establishing separate schools for white students and another for black students. This landmark case made those laws unconstitutional. The decision was handed down on May 17, 1954. It overturned the Plessy v Ferguson decision of 1896, which had allowed states legalize segregation within schools. The chief justice in the case was Justice Earl Warren. His court’s decision was a unanimous 9-0 decision that said, “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The ruling essentially led the way for the civil rights movement and essentially integration across the United States. History:A class action suit was filed against the Board of Education of the city of Topeka, Kansas in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas in 1951. The plaintiffs consisted of thirteen parents of twenty children who attended the Topeka School District. They filed the suit hoping that the school district would change its policy of racial segregation. Each of the plaintiffs were recruited by the Topeka NCAAP, led by McKinley Burnett, Charles Scott, and Lucinda Scott. Oliver L. Brown was the named plaintiff in the case. He was an African American welder, father, and assistant pastor at a local church. They decided to use his name as part of a legal tactic to have a man’s name on the front of the suit. He was also a good decision, because he had a complete family as opposed to a single parent family. In the fall of 1951, the parents of the twenty children attempted to enroll them in the closest school to their homes, but each were denied enrollment and told they had to enroll in the segregated school. This prompted the class action suit to be filed. At the district level the court ruled in favor of the Topeka Board of Education saying that both schools were equal in regards to transportation, buildings, curriculum, and highly qualified teachers. The case then went on to the Supreme Court and was combined with four other similar suits from across the country. Significance:Brown v Board set the foundation for the civil rights movement and gave African American’s hope that “separate, but equal” on all fronts would be changed. The fight that followed after this ruling is not a pretty one. Many people lost their lives fighting for their rights and opportunities to live free in a completely equal and blended society. It was not an easy transition and tension ran extremely high during these times. Schools now days are said to be “melting pots”. This landmark case opened the doors of all schools to all people across the United States. It allowed people of all colors to have an equal opportunity to a free and public education no matter where they lived or what their race was. Homework: Complete the worksheet on Brown v Board. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES The United States Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices. At its discretion, and within certain guidelines established by Congress, the Supreme Court each year hears a limited number of the cases it is asked to decide. Those cases may begin in the federal or state courts, and they usually involve important questions about the Constitution or federal law. Complete Homework on USAtestprep. Federal Court system
Essential Question How does the Constitution define the powers of the federal courts, and how are the various courts related to one another? Section 1 Powers of the Federal Courts The United States judicial system has two parallel systems of courts: federal courts and state courts. The 50 state court systems derive from state constitutions and laws. The federal system consists of the Supreme Court at the top and lower federal courts established by Congress. In this dual-court system, state courts have jurisdiction over cases involving state law. Federal courts have jurisdiction in cases that involve U.S. laws, treaties with foreign nations, interpretations of the Constitution, bankruptcy, and maritime laws. The federal courts also hear cases if the parties involved are ambassadors, state governments, the federal government, or citizens of different states. Federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction in some civil cases. Homework on USAtestprep. he Federal Court system Essential Question How does the Constitution define the powers of the federal courts, and how are the various courts related to one another? Section 1 Powers of the Federal Courts The United States judicial system has two parallel systems of courts: federal courts and state courts. The 50 state court systems derive from state constitutions and laws. The federal system consists of the Supreme Court at the top and lower federal courts established by Congress. In this dual-court system, state courts have jurisdiction over cases involving state law. Federal courts have jurisdiction in cases that involve U.S. laws, treaties with foreign nations, interpretations of the Constitution, bankruptcy, and maritime laws. The federal courts also hear cases if the parties involved are ambassadors, state governments, the federal government, or citizens of different states. Federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction in some civil cases. Homework on USAtestprep. The Federal Court system Essential Question How does the Constitution define the powers of the federal courts, and how are the various courts related to one another? Section 1 Powers of the Federal Courts The United States judicial system has two parallel systems of courts: federal courts and state courts. The 50 state court systems derive from state constitutions and laws. The federal system consists of the Supreme Court at the top and lower federal courts established by Congress. In this dual-court system, state courts have jurisdiction over cases involving state law. Federal courts have jurisdiction in cases that involve U.S. laws, treaties with foreign nations, interpretations of the Constitution, bankruptcy, and maritime laws. The federal courts also hear cases if the parties involved are ambassadors, state governments, the federal government, or citizens of different states. Federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction in some civil cases. Homework on USAtestprep.
|
Mr. HolceyMr. Holcey is a veteran teacher in the Savannah area. With over 20 years of teaching experience in subjects ranging from law to physical science. Archives
November 2022
Categories |